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linux-scripts/debian-hardening.sh
Lightemerald ae38a6b655 Fix wrong conf
2025-12-19 20:25:31 +01:00

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#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail
# Debian Hardening Script
# Adapted from the Arch Linux hardening script (arch-hardening.sh)
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
log() {
echo "[$(date --rfc-3339=seconds)] $*" >&2
}
log_warn() {
echo "[$(date --rfc-3339=seconds)] WARNING: $*" >&2
}
log_error() {
echo "[$(date --rfc-3339=seconds)] ERROR: $*" >&2
}
# Update system
log "Updating packages..."
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y
# [DEB-0280] Ensure libpam-tmpdir is installed and enabled
sudo apt-get install -y libpam-tmpdir
if ! grep -q "pam_tmpdir.so" /etc/pam.d/common-session 2>/dev/null; then
sudo sed -i "/pam_unix.so/ a session optional pam_tmpdir.so" /etc/pam.d/common-session || true
fi
# [DEB-0810] Ensure apt-listbugs is installed
log "Installing apt-listbugs..."
sudo apt-get install -y apt-listbugs
# [DEB-0811] Ensure apt-listchanges is installed
log "Installing apt-listchanges..."
sudo apt-get install -y apt-listchanges
# [DEB-0831] Ensure needrestart is installed
log "Installing needrestart..."
sudo apt-get install -y needrestart
# [DEB-0880] Ensure fail2ban is installed
log "Installing fail2ban..."
sudo apt-get install -y fail2ban
# [STRG-1846] Disable drivers like firewire
log "Disabling FireWire kernel modules..."
sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/90-firewire-disable.conf > /dev/null <<EOL
# Disable FireWire kernel modules to prevent unauthorized DMA access
blacklist firewire-core
install firewire-core /bin/false
blacklist firewire-ohci
install firewire-ohci /bin/false
blacklist firewire-sbp2
install firewire-sbp2 /bin/false
EOL
# [LOGG-2154] Ensure system log is configured to send logs to a remote log server
log "Installing rsyslog..."
sudo apt-get install -y rsyslog
sudo systemctl enable --now rsyslog
# [USB-3000] Ensure USBGUARD is installed and configured
log "Installing usbguard..."
sudo apt-get install -y usbguard
if command -v usbguard >/dev/null 2>&1; then
sudo usbguard generate-policy | sudo tee /etc/usbguard/rules.conf > /dev/null
sudo sed -i 's/^PresentControllerPolicy=.*/PresentControllerPolicy=apply-policy/' /etc/usbguard/usbguard-daemon.conf || true
sudo systemctl enable --now usbguard
fi
# [NETW-3032] Checking for ARP monitoring software
log "Installing Arpon..."
sudo apt-get install -y arpon
# [NETW-3200] Disable unused network protocols
log "Disabling unused network protocol modules..."
sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/90-network-protocols-disable.conf > /dev/null <<EOL
# Disable unnecessary network protocols to reduce attack surface
blacklist dccp
install dccp /bin/false
blacklist sctp
install sctp /bin/false
blacklist rds
install rds /bin/false
blacklist tipc
install tipc /bin/false
EOL
# [MALW-3276] Install rkhunter and update properties
# log "Installing and configuring rkhunter (MALW-3276)..."
# sudo apt-get install -y rkhunter || true
# if command -v rkhunter >/dev/null 2>&1; then
# sudo rkhunter --update || true
# sudo rkhunter --propupd || true
# # Add common whitelists (reduce false positives)
# sudo sed -i "$ a SCRIPTWHITELIST=/usr/bin/egrep" /etc/rkhunter.conf || true
# sudo sed -i "$ a SCRIPTWHITELIST=/usr/bin/fgrep" /etc/rkhunter.conf || true
# sudo sed -i "$ a SCRIPTWHITELIST=/usr/bin/ldd" /etc/rkhunter.conf || true
# sudo sed -i "$ a SCRIPTWHITELIST=/usr/bin/rkhunter" /etc/rkhunter.conf || true
# fi
# [MALW-3282] Check for clamscan
# log "Checking for ClamAV installation..."
# if ! command -v clamscan >/dev/null 2>&1; then
# log "Installing ClamAV..."
# sudo apt-get install -y clamdscan
# sudo freshclam || true
# else
# log "Clamscan is already installed."
# fi
# [MALW-3284] Check for clamd
# log "Checking for clamd..."
# if ! command -v clamd >/dev/null 2>&1; then
# log "Installing clamd..."
# sudo apt-get install -y clamav clamav-daemon
# sudo systemctl enable --now clamav-daemon || true
# else
# log "Clamd is already installed."
# fi
# [FINT-4350] Install a file integrity tool
log "Installing AIDE..."
sudo apt-get install -y aide
sudo aide --init || true
if [ -f /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new.gz ]; then
sudo mv /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new.gz /var/lib/aide/aide.db.gz || true
fi
sudo systemctl enable --now aidecheck.timer || true
# [FIRE-45XX] Firewall configuration: ensure nftables is installed and iptables removed if present
log "Disabling iptables to prevent conflicts with nftables (default on debian since Buster)..."
sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/90-ip_tables-disable.conf > /dev/null <<EOL
# Disable ip_tables to prevent conflicts with nftables
blacklist ip_tables
install ip_tables /bin/false
EOL
# [BOOT-5122] Check for GRUB boot password
log "Setting GRUB boot password..."
GRUB_PW_FILE="/etc/grub.d/40_custom"
if ! grep -q "set superusers=" "$GRUB_PW_FILE" 2>/dev/null; then
read -s -p "Enter GRUB superuser name: " GRUB_USER
echo
read -s -p "Enter GRUB superuser password: " GRUB_PASS
echo
GRUB_PASS_HASH=$(grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 <<< "$GRUB_PASS" | awk -F' ' '/PBKDF2 hash of your password is/ {print $7}')
sudo tee -a "$GRUB_PW_FILE" > /dev/null <<EOL
set superusers="$GRUB_USER"
password_pbkdf2 $GRUB_USER $GRUB_PASS_HASH
EOL
sudo update-grub || true
else
log "GRUB superuser already configured; skipping."
fi
# Fix ^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=.*audit=1 is not present in /etc/default/grub
if ! grep -q 'audit=1' /etc/default/grub 2>/dev/null; then
log "Enabling audit=1 in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX..."
sudo sed -i 's|^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="\(.*\)"|GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="\1 audit=1"|' /etc/default/grub
sudo update-grub || true
else
log "audit=1 already present in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX; skipping."
fi
# ^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=.*audit_backlog_limit=8192 is not present in /etc/default/grub
if ! grep -q 'audit_backlog_limit=8192' /etc/default/grub 2>/dev/null; then
log "Enabling audit_backlog_limit=8192 in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX..."
sudo sed -i 's|^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="\(.*\)"|GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="\1 audit_backlog_limit=8192"|' /etc/default/grub
sudo update-grub || true
else
log "audit_backlog_limit=8192 already present in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX; skipping."
fi
# [TOOL-5190] Ensure IDS/IPS tools are installed (suricata)
# log "Installing suricata..."
# sudo apt-get install -y suricata
# sudo systemctl enable --now suricata || true
# [KRNL-5820] Disable core dumps
log "Disabling core dumps via systemd and limits..."
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d
sudo tee /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/99-disable-coredumps.conf > /dev/null <<'EOL'
[Coredump]
ProcessSizeMax=0
Storage=none
EOL
sudo systemctl daemon-reload || true
sudo mkdir -p /etc/security/limits.d/
sudo tee /etc/security/limits.d/20-disable-core-dumps.conf > /dev/null <<EOL
* hard core 0
* soft core 0
EOL
# Append to /etc/profile to enforce core dump restriction system-wide
if ! grep -q "ulimit -c 0" /etc/profile 2>/dev/null; then
echo '# Disable core dumps system-wide' | sudo tee -a /etc/profile > /dev/null
echo 'ulimit -c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1' | sudo tee -a /etc/profile > /dev/null
echo 'ulimit -S -c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1' | sudo tee -a /etc/profile > /dev/null
echo 'ulimit -H -c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1' | sudo tee -a /etc/profile > /dev/null
fi
# [KRNL-6000] Sysctl settings for kernel hardening
log "Applying sysctl hardened settings..."
sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-hardened.conf > /dev/null <<'EOL'
# Kernel and filesystem hardening settings
kernel.randomize_va_space = 2
kernel.kptr_restrict = 2
kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled = 1
#kernel.modules_disabled = 1 # Uncomment to disable module loading entirely at your own risk
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
fs.suid_dumpable = 0
fs.protected_fifos = 2
fs.protected_hardlinks = 1
fs.protected_regular = 2
fs.protected_symlinks = 1
dev.tty.ldisc_autoload = 0
net.core.bpf_jit_harden = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0
EOL
sudo sysctl --system
# [SHLL-6220] Idle session handling
if ! grep -q 'TMOUT' /etc/profile 2>/dev/null; then
echo 'TMOUT=900' | sudo tee -a /etc/profile > /dev/null
echo 'readonly TMOUT' | sudo tee -a /etc/profile > /dev/null
echo 'export TMOUT' | sudo tee -a /etc/profile > /dev/null
fi
# [MACF-6290] Enable MAC framework (AppArmor)
log "Enabling AppArmor..."
sudo apt-get install -y apparmor apparmor-utils || true
sudo systemctl enable --now apparmor || true
# [FILE-6344] Restricting process details to users via /proc mount options
log "Configuring /proc to hide process info..."
if ! grep -q '^proc\s\+/proc\s\+proc\s\+' /etc/fstab; then
echo '# /proc' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab > /dev/null
echo 'proc /proc proc defaults,hidepid=2,gid=sudo 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab > /dev/null
else
sudo sed -i 's|^proc[[:space:]]\+/proc[[:space:]]\+proc[[:space:]]\+.*$|proc /proc proc defaults,hidepid=2,gid=sudo 0 0|' /etc/fstab
fi
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo mount -o remount /proc
# [FILE-6374] Check /dev, /dev/shm and /tmp mount options
log "Ensuring /dev, /dev/shm and /tmp have secure mount options..."
if ! grep -q '^devtmpfs\s\+/dev\s\+devtmpfs\s\+' /etc/fstab; then
echo '# /dev' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab > /dev/null
echo 'devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=10%,mode=755 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab > /dev/null
else
sudo sed -i 's|^devtmpfs[[:space:]]\+/dev[[:space:]]\+devtmpfs[[:space:]]\+.*$|devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=10%,mode=755 0 0|' /etc/fstab
fi
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo mount -o remount /dev
if ! grep -q '^tmpfs\s\+/dev/shm\s\+tmpfs\s\+' /etc/fstab; then
echo '# /dev/shm' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab > /dev/null
echo 'tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab > /dev/null
else
sudo sed -i 's|^tmpfs[[:space:]]\+/dev/shm[[:space:]]\+tmpfs[[:space:]]\+.*$|tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec 0 0|' /etc/fstab
fi
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo mount -o remount /dev/shm
if ! grep -q '^tmpfs\s\+/tmp\s\+tmpfs\s\+' /etc/fstab; then
echo '# /tmp' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab > /dev/null
echo 'tmpfs /tmp tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab > /dev/null
else
sudo sed -i 's|^tmpfs[[:space:]]\+/tmp[[:space:]]\+tmpfs[[:space:]]\+.*$|tmpfs /tmp tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec 0 0|' /etc/fstab
fi
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo mount -o remount /tmp
# [FILE-6430] Disable mounting of some filesystems
log "Disabling unnecessary filesystem modules..."
sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/90-fs_blacklist.conf > /dev/null <<EOL
# Blacklist unnecessary filesystem modules to reduce attack surface
blacklist cramfs
install cramfs /bin/false
blacklist freevxfs
install freevxfs /bin/false
blacklist hfs
install hfs /bin/false
blacklist hfsplus
install hfsplus /bin/false
blacklist jffs2
install jffs2 /bin/false
blacklist squashfs
install squashfs /bin/false
blacklist udf
install udf /bin/false
EOL
# [BANN-7126] Add legal banner to /etc/issue
log "Adding legal banner to /etc/issue..."
sudo systemctl disable --now pvebanner || true
sudo tee /etc/issue > /dev/null <<EOL
********************************************************************
* WARNING - UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS *
* *
* Unauthorized access to this computer system is strictly *
* prohibited. Individuals accessing, using, or modifying this *
* system without explicit authorization will be subject to legal *
* action and prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. *
* *
* Authorized users should have no expectation of privacy. All *
* activity on this system is monitored, recorded, and may be used *
* as evidence in criminal or civil proceedings. *
********************************************************************
\n - \l
EOL
# [BANN-7130] Check issue.net banner file contents
log "Checking /etc/issue.net banner file contents..."
if ! sudo grep -q "WARNING - UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS" /etc/issue.net; then
log "Adding legal banner to /etc/issue.net..."
sudo tee /etc/issue.net > /dev/null <<EOL
********************************************************************
* WARNING - UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS *
* *
* Unauthorized access to this computer system is strictly *
* prohibited. Individuals accessing, using, or modifying this *
* system without explicit authorization will be subject to legal *
* action and prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. *
* *
* Authorized users should have no expectation of privacy. All *
* activity on this system is monitored, recorded, and may be used *
* as evidence in criminal or civil proceedings. *
********************************************************************
\n - \l
EOL
fi
# [HRDN-7220] Check if one or more compilers are installed
# Disallow apt to extract /usr/bin/as by making a dpkg config
log "Checking if as is present and excluding it from installation..."
sudo tee /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/01-exclude-as > /dev/null <<'EOL'
# Exclude as from being installed
path-exclude /usr/bin/as
path-exclude /usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-as
EOL
# [HRDN-7222] Restricting compiler access to root user only
# Correcting from chown->chmod to restrict access
log "Restricting compiler binaries..."
for bin in /usr/bin/as /usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-as; do
if [ -f "$bin" ]; then
sudo chmod 700 "$bin" || true
fi
done
# [PKGS-7320] Install package auditing tools
log "Installing package auditing..."
sudo apt-get install -y debsecan || true
# [PKGS-7370] Checking for debsums utility
if ! dpkg -l | grep -q debsums; then
sudo apt-get install -y debsums || true
fi
# [SSH-7408] Check SSH specific defined options
log "Checking SSH specific defined options..."
set_sshd_option() {
local opt="$1"
local val="$2"
# If the option exists (possibly commented), replace the whole line; otherwise append
if sudo grep -Eq "^[[:space:]]*#?[[:space:]]*${opt}[[:space:]]+" /etc/ssh/sshd_config 2>/dev/null; then
sudo sed -ri "s|^[[:space:]]*#?[[:space:]]*${opt}[[:space:]]+.*|${opt} ${val}|" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
else
echo "${opt} ${val}" | sudo tee -a /etc/ssh/sshd_config > /dev/null
fi
}
set_sshd_option "PermitRootLogin" "no" # Need to setup SSH key and local admin
set_sshd_option "PasswordAuthentication" "no" # Need to setup SSH key and local admin
set_sshd_option "ChallengeResponseAuthentication" "no"
set_sshd_option "AllowTcpForwarding" "no"
set_sshd_option "AllowAgentForwarding" "no"
set_sshd_option "X11Forwarding" "no"
set_sshd_option "TCPKeepAlive" "no"
set_sshd_option "ClientAliveCountMax" "2"
set_sshd_option "MaxAuthTries" "3"
set_sshd_option "MaxSessions" "2"
set_sshd_option "LogLevel" "VERBOSE"
sudo systemctl restart ssh || true
# [PKGS-7420] Detect toolkit to automatically download and apply upgrades
log "Installing unattended-upgrades..."
sudo apt-get install -y unattended-upgrades || true
sudo dpkg-reconfigure -f noninteractive unattended-upgrades || true
sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades > /dev/null <<'EOL'
APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";
EOL
sudo systemctl enable --now unattended-upgrades || true
# [FILE-7524] Ensuring file permissions
log "Enforcing file permissions for SSH & cron..."
sudo chmod -R 640 /var/log/ || true
sudo chmod 600 /etc/crontab || true
sudo chmod 700 /etc/cron.* || true
sudo chmod -R 700 /etc/cron.d/ || true
sudo chmod 600 /etc/ssh/sshd_config || true
# [CRYP-8004] Presence of hardware RNG tools
log "Installing rng-tools..."
sudo apt-get install -y rng-tools-debian || true
sudo systemctl enable --now rng-tools-debian || true
# [AUTH-*] Password and PAM related settings
log "Configuring password hashing and pam pwquality..."
sudo sed -i 's/^ENCRYPT_METHOD .*/ENCRYPT_METHOD YESCRYPT/' /etc/login.defs || true
sudo sed -i 's/^#SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS .*/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS 5000/' /etc/login.defs || true
sudo sed -i 's/^#SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS .*/SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS 5000000/' /etc/login.defs || true
sudo apt-get install -y libpam-pwquality || true
set_pwq() {
local key="$1"; local val="$2"
if sudo grep -Eq "^[[:space:]]*${key}[[:space:]]*=" /etc/security/pwquality.conf 2>/dev/null; then
sudo sed -ri "s|^[[:space:]]*${key}[[:space:]]*=.*|${key} = ${val}|" /etc/security/pwquality.conf
else
sudo sh -c "printf '%s = %s\n' '${key}' '${val}' >> /etc/security/pwquality.conf"
fi
}
set_pwq "retry" 3
set_pwq "difok" 6
set_pwq "minlen" 14
set_pwq "dcredit" -1
set_pwq "ucredit" -1
set_pwq "ocredit" -1
set_pwq "lcredit" -1
set_pwq "minclass" 4
set_pwq "usercheck" 1
set_pwq "enforcing" 1
# Add pam_pwquality to /etc/pam.d/common-password if not present
if ! grep -q "pam_pwquality.so" /etc/pam.d/common-password 2>/dev/null; then
sudo sed -i "/pam_unix.so/ i password requisite pam_pwquality.so retry=3" /etc/pam.d/common-password || true
fi
# [AUTH-9286] Password aging
sudo sed -i 's/^PASS_MIN_DAYS.*/PASS_MIN_DAYS 7/' /etc/login.defs || true
sudo sed -i 's/^PASS_MAX_DAYS.*/PASS_MAX_DAYS 90/' /etc/login.defs || true
# [AUTH-9328] Default umask
if sudo grep -Eq '^[[:space:]]*#?[[:space:]]*UMASK\b' /etc/login.defs 2>/dev/null; then
sudo sed -ri "s|^[[:space:]]*#?[[:space:]]*UMASK[[:space:]]+.*|UMASK 077|" /etc/login.defs || true
else
echo 'UMASK 077' | sudo tee -a /etc/login.defs > /dev/null
fi
if grep -qE '^[[:space:]]*#?[[:space:]]*umask' /etc/bash.bashrc 2>/dev/null; then
sudo sed -i 's/^[[:space:]]*#\?[[:space:]]*umask.*/umask 077/' /etc/bash.bashrc || true
else
echo 'umask 077' | sudo tee -a /etc/bash.bashrc > /dev/null
fi
if grep -qE '^[[:space:]]*#?[[:space:]]*umask' /etc/profile 2>/dev/null; then
sudo sed -i 's/^[[:space:]]*#\?[[:space:]]*umask.*/umask 077/' /etc/profile || true
else
echo 'umask 077' | sudo tee -a /etc/profile > /dev/null
fi
# [AUTH-9408] Logging of failed login attempts is enabled
if grep -q FAILLOG_ENAB /etc/login.defs 2>/dev/null; then
sudo sed -i 's/^FAILLOG_ENAB .*/FAILLOG_ENAB yes/' /etc/login.defs || true
else
echo 'FAILLOG_ENAB yes' | sudo tee -a /etc/login.defs > /dev/null
fi
# [ACCT-9622] Enable process accounting
sudo apt-get install -y acct || true
sudo systemctl enable --now acct || true
# [ACCT-9626] Enable sysstat
sudo apt-get install -y sysstat || true
sudo systemctl enable --now sysstat || true
# [ACCT-9628] Enable auditd
sudo apt-get install -y auditd || true
sudo systemctl enable --now auditd || true
# Fix ^space_left_action[[:space:]]*=[[:space:]]*email is not present in /etc/audit/auditd.conf
if ! grep -q '^space_left_action[[:space:]]*=[[:space:]]*email' /etc/audit/auditd.conf 2>/dev/null; then
log "Configuring auditd to email on low disk space..."
sudo sed -i 's/^space_left_action[[:space:]]*=.*/space_left_action = email/' /etc/audit/auditd.conf || true
fi
# Fix ^admin_space_left_action[[:space:]]*=[[:space:]]*halt is not present in /etc/audit/auditd.conf
if ! grep -q '^admin_space_left_action[[:space:]]*=[[:space:]]*halt' /etc/audit/auditd.conf 2>/dev/null; then
log "Configuring auditd to halt on critical disk space..."
sudo sed -i 's/^admin_space_left_action[[:space:]]*=.*/admin_space_left_action = halt/' /etc/audit/auditd.conf || true
fi
# Fix ^max_log_file_action[[:space:]]*=[[:space:]]*keep_logs is not present in /etc/audit/auditd.conf
if ! grep -q '^max_log_file_action[[:space:]]*=[[:space:]]*keep_logs' /etc/audit/auditd.conf 2>/dev/null; then
log "Configuring auditd to keep logs on max log file size..."
sudo sed -i 's/^max_log_file_action[[:space:]]*=.*/max_log_file_action = keep_logs/' /etc/audit/auditd.conf || true
fi
# [ACCT-9630] Configure auditd rules
sudo tee /etc/audit/rules.d/10-harden.rules > /dev/null <<EOL
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -k time-change
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -S stime -k time-change
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S clock_settime -k time-change
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S clock_settime -k time-change
-w /etc/group -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/passwd -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/gshadow -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/shadow -p wa -k identity
-w /etc/security/opasswd -p wa -k identity
-a exit,always -F arch=b64 -S sethostname -S setdomainname -k system-locale
-a exit,always -F arch=b32 -S sethostname -S setdomainname -k system-locale
-w /etc/issue -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/issue.net -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/hosts -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/network -p wa -k system-locale
-w /etc/apparmor/ -p wa -k MAC-policy
-w /etc/apparmor.d/ -p wa -k MAC-policy
-w /var/log/faillog -p wa -k logins
-w /var/log/lastlog -p wa -k logins
-w /var/log/tallylog -p wa -k logins
-w /var/run/utmp -p wa -k session
-w /var/log/wtmp -p wa -k session
-w /var/log/btmp -p wa -k session
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat -S open -S openat -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chage -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chfn -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chsh -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/expiry -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/gpasswd -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/mount -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/newgrp -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/passwd -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/ssh-agent -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/su -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/umount -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/crontab -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/fusermount3 -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/dotlockfile -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/lockfile -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/procmail -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/newgidmap -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/newuidmap -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/sudo -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/libexec/proxmox-mail-forward -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/libexec/pam-tmpdir/pam-tmpdir-helper -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/mount.cifs -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/mount.nfs -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/postdrop -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/postqueue -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S mount -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k mounts
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S mount -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k mounts
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S unlink -S unlinkat -S rename -S renameat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k delete
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S unlink -S unlinkat -S rename -S renameat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k delete
-w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k sudoers
-w /etc/sudoers.d/ -p wa -k sudoers
-w /var/log/auth.log -p wa -k sudoaction
-w /sbin/insmod -p x -k modules
-w /sbin/rmmod -p x -k modules
-w /sbin/modprobe -p x -k modules
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S init_module -S delete_module -k modules
# Make the configuration immutable (must be the last line)
-e 2
EOL
# Fix ^Storage=persistent is not present in /etc/systemd/journald.conf
if ! grep -q '^Storage=persistent' /etc/systemd/journald.conf 2>/dev/null; then
log "Configuring journald to use persistent storage..."
sudo sed -i 's/^#Storage=.*/Storage=persistent/' /etc/systemd/journald.conf || true
sudo systemctl restart systemd-journald || true
fi
log "Debian hardening completed. Review the log above for applied steps and check for any package/service variations on your system."
exit 0
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