Files
windows-user-space-emulator/src/windows-emulator/memory_manager.cpp
2025-08-16 17:55:51 +02:00

657 lines
19 KiB
C++

#include "std_include.hpp"
#include "memory_manager.hpp"
#include "memory_region.hpp"
#include "address_utils.hpp"
#include "memory_permission_ext.hpp"
#include <vector>
#include <optional>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <cassert>
namespace
{
void split_regions(memory_manager::committed_region_map& regions, const std::vector<uint64_t>& split_points)
{
for (auto i = regions.begin(); i != regions.end(); ++i)
{
for (const auto split_point : split_points)
{
if (is_within_start_and_length(split_point, i->first, i->second.length) && i->first != split_point)
{
const auto first_length = split_point - i->first;
const auto second_length = i->second.length - first_length;
i->second.length = static_cast<size_t>(first_length);
regions[split_point] = memory_manager::committed_region{static_cast<size_t>(second_length), i->second.permissions};
}
}
}
}
void merge_regions(memory_manager::committed_region_map& regions)
{
for (auto i = regions.begin(); i != regions.end();)
{
assert(i->second.length > 0);
auto next = i;
std::advance(next, 1);
if (next == regions.end())
{
break;
}
assert(next->second.length > 0);
const auto end = i->first + i->second.length;
assert(end <= next->first);
if (end != next->first || i->second.permissions != next->second.permissions)
{
++i;
continue;
}
i->second.length += next->second.length;
regions.erase(next);
}
}
}
namespace utils
{
static void serialize(buffer_serializer& buffer, const memory_manager::committed_region& region)
{
buffer.write<uint64_t>(region.length);
buffer.write(region.permissions);
}
static void deserialize(buffer_deserializer& buffer, memory_manager::committed_region& region)
{
region.length = static_cast<size_t>(buffer.read<uint64_t>());
region.permissions = buffer.read<nt_memory_permission>();
}
static void serialize(buffer_serializer& buffer, const memory_manager::reserved_region& region)
{
buffer.write(region.is_mmio);
buffer.write(region.initial_permission);
buffer.write<uint64_t>(region.length);
buffer.write_map(region.committed_regions);
}
static void deserialize(buffer_deserializer& buffer, memory_manager::reserved_region& region)
{
buffer.read(region.is_mmio);
buffer.read(region.initial_permission);
region.length = static_cast<size_t>(buffer.read<uint64_t>());
buffer.read_map(region.committed_regions);
}
}
void memory_manager::update_layout_version()
{
#if MOMO_REFLECTION_LEVEL > 0
this->layout_version_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
#endif
}
memory_stats memory_manager::compute_memory_stats() const
{
memory_stats stats{};
stats.reserved_memory = 0;
stats.committed_memory = 0;
for (const auto& reserved_region : this->reserved_regions_ | std::views::values)
{
stats.reserved_memory += reserved_region.length;
for (const auto& committed_region : reserved_region.committed_regions | std::views::values)
{
stats.committed_memory += committed_region.length;
}
}
return stats;
}
void memory_manager::serialize_memory_state(utils::buffer_serializer& buffer, const bool is_snapshot) const
{
buffer.write_atomic(this->layout_version_);
buffer.write_map(this->reserved_regions_);
if (is_snapshot)
{
return;
}
std::vector<uint8_t> data{};
for (const auto& reserved_region : this->reserved_regions_)
{
if (reserved_region.second.is_mmio)
{
continue;
}
for (const auto& region : reserved_region.second.committed_regions)
{
data.resize(region.second.length);
this->read_memory(region.first, data.data(), region.second.length);
buffer.write(data.data(), region.second.length);
}
}
}
void memory_manager::deserialize_memory_state(utils::buffer_deserializer& buffer, const bool is_snapshot)
{
if (!is_snapshot)
{
assert(this->reserved_regions_.empty());
}
buffer.read_atomic(this->layout_version_);
buffer.read_map(this->reserved_regions_);
if (is_snapshot)
{
return;
}
std::vector<uint8_t> data{};
for (auto i = this->reserved_regions_.begin(); i != this->reserved_regions_.end();)
{
auto& reserved_region = i->second;
if (reserved_region.is_mmio)
{
i = this->reserved_regions_.erase(i);
continue;
}
++i;
for (const auto& region : reserved_region.committed_regions)
{
data.resize(region.second.length);
buffer.read(data.data(), region.second.length);
this->map_memory(region.first, region.second.length, region.second.permissions);
this->write_memory(region.first, data.data(), region.second.length);
}
}
}
bool memory_manager::protect_memory(const uint64_t address, const size_t size, const nt_memory_permission permissions,
nt_memory_permission* old_permissions)
{
const auto entry = this->find_reserved_region(address);
if (entry == this->reserved_regions_.end())
{
return false;
}
const auto end = address + size;
const auto region_end = entry->first + entry->second.length;
if (region_end < end)
{
throw std::runtime_error("Cross region protect not supported yet!");
}
std::optional<memory_permission> old_first_permissions{};
auto& committed_regions = entry->second.committed_regions;
split_regions(committed_regions, {address, end});
for (auto& sub_region : committed_regions)
{
if (sub_region.first >= end)
{
break;
}
const auto sub_region_end = sub_region.first + sub_region.second.length;
if (sub_region.first >= address && sub_region_end <= end)
{
if (!old_first_permissions.has_value())
{
old_first_permissions = sub_region.second.permissions;
}
this->apply_memory_protection(sub_region.first, sub_region.second.length, permissions);
sub_region.second.permissions = permissions;
}
}
if (old_permissions)
{
*old_permissions = old_first_permissions.value_or(memory_permission::none);
}
merge_regions(committed_regions);
this->update_layout_version();
return true;
}
bool memory_manager::allocate_mmio(const uint64_t address, const size_t size, mmio_read_callback read_cb, mmio_write_callback write_cb)
{
if (this->overlaps_reserved_region(address, size))
{
return false;
}
this->map_mmio(address, size, std::move(read_cb), std::move(write_cb));
const auto entry = this->reserved_regions_
.try_emplace(address,
reserved_region{
.length = size,
.is_mmio = true,
})
.first;
entry->second.committed_regions[address] = committed_region{size, memory_permission::read_write};
this->update_layout_version();
return true;
}
bool memory_manager::allocate_memory(const uint64_t address, const size_t size, const nt_memory_permission permissions,
const bool reserve_only)
{
if (this->overlaps_reserved_region(address, size))
{
return false;
}
const auto entry = this->reserved_regions_
.try_emplace(address,
reserved_region{
.length = size,
.initial_permission = permissions,
})
.first;
if (!reserve_only)
{
this->map_memory(address, size, permissions.is_guarded() ? memory_permission::none : permissions.common);
entry->second.committed_regions[address] = committed_region{size, permissions};
}
this->update_layout_version();
return true;
}
bool memory_manager::commit_memory(const uint64_t address, const size_t size, const nt_memory_permission permissions)
{
const auto entry = this->find_reserved_region(address);
if (entry == this->reserved_regions_.end())
{
return false;
}
const auto end = address + size;
const auto region_end = entry->first + entry->second.length;
if (region_end < end)
{
throw std::runtime_error("Cross region commit not supported yet!");
}
auto& committed_regions = entry->second.committed_regions;
split_regions(committed_regions, {address, end});
uint64_t last_region_start{};
const committed_region* last_region{nullptr};
for (auto& sub_region : committed_regions)
{
if (sub_region.first >= end)
{
break;
}
const auto sub_region_end = sub_region.first + sub_region.second.length;
if (sub_region.first >= address && sub_region_end <= end)
{
const auto map_start = last_region ? (last_region_start + last_region->length) : address;
const auto map_length = sub_region.first - map_start;
if (map_length > 0)
{
this->map_memory(map_start, static_cast<size_t>(map_length), permissions);
committed_regions[map_start] = committed_region{static_cast<size_t>(map_length), permissions};
}
last_region_start = sub_region.first;
last_region = &sub_region.second;
}
}
if (!last_region || (last_region_start + last_region->length) < end)
{
const auto map_start = last_region ? (last_region_start + last_region->length) : address;
const auto map_length = end - map_start;
this->map_memory(map_start, static_cast<size_t>(map_length), permissions);
committed_regions[map_start] = committed_region{static_cast<size_t>(map_length), permissions};
}
merge_regions(committed_regions);
this->update_layout_version();
return true;
}
bool memory_manager::decommit_memory(const uint64_t address, const size_t size)
{
const auto entry = this->find_reserved_region(address);
if (entry == this->reserved_regions_.end())
{
return false;
}
if (entry->second.is_mmio)
{
throw std::runtime_error("Not allowed to decommit MMIO!");
}
const auto end = address + size;
const auto region_end = entry->first + entry->second.length;
if (region_end < end)
{
throw std::runtime_error("Cross region decommit not supported yet!");
}
auto& committed_regions = entry->second.committed_regions;
split_regions(committed_regions, {address, end});
for (auto i = committed_regions.begin(); i != committed_regions.end();)
{
if (i->first >= end)
{
break;
}
const auto sub_region_end = i->first + i->second.length;
if (i->first >= address && sub_region_end <= end)
{
this->unmap_memory(i->first, i->second.length);
i = committed_regions.erase(i);
continue;
}
++i;
}
this->update_layout_version();
return true;
}
bool memory_manager::release_memory(const uint64_t address, size_t size)
{
const auto entry = this->reserved_regions_.find(address);
if (entry == this->reserved_regions_.end())
{
return false;
}
if (!size)
{
size = entry->second.length;
}
size = static_cast<size_t>(page_align_up(size));
if (size > entry->second.length)
{
throw std::runtime_error("Cross region release not supported yet!");
}
const auto end = address + size;
auto& committed_regions = entry->second.committed_regions;
split_regions(committed_regions, {end});
for (auto i = committed_regions.begin(); i != committed_regions.end();)
{
if (i->first >= end)
{
break;
}
const auto sub_region_end = i->first + i->second.length;
if (i->first >= address && sub_region_end <= end)
{
this->unmap_memory(i->first, i->second.length);
i = committed_regions.erase(i);
}
else
{
++i;
}
}
entry->second.length -= size;
if (entry->second.length > 0)
{
this->reserved_regions_[address + size] = std::move(entry->second);
}
this->reserved_regions_.erase(entry);
this->update_layout_version();
return true;
}
void memory_manager::unmap_all_memory()
{
for (const auto& reserved_region : this->reserved_regions_)
{
for (const auto& region : reserved_region.second.committed_regions)
{
this->unmap_memory(region.first, region.second.length);
}
}
this->reserved_regions_.clear();
}
uint64_t memory_manager::allocate_memory(const size_t size, const nt_memory_permission permissions, const bool reserve_only)
{
const auto allocation_base = this->find_free_allocation_base(size);
if (!allocate_memory(allocation_base, size, permissions, reserve_only))
{
return 0;
}
return allocation_base;
}
uint64_t memory_manager::find_free_allocation_base(const size_t size, const uint64_t start) const
{
uint64_t start_address = std::max(MIN_ALLOCATION_ADDRESS, start ? start : 0x100000000ULL);
start_address = align_up(start_address, ALLOCATION_GRANULARITY);
for (const auto& region : this->reserved_regions_)
{
const auto region_end = region.first + region.second.length;
if (region_end < start_address)
{
continue;
}
if (!regions_with_length_intersect(start_address, size, region.first, region.second.length))
{
return start_address;
}
start_address = align_up(region_end, ALLOCATION_GRANULARITY);
}
if (start_address + size <= MAX_ALLOCATION_ADDRESS)
{
return start_address;
}
return 0;
}
region_info memory_manager::get_region_info(const uint64_t address)
{
region_info result{};
result.start = MIN_ALLOCATION_ADDRESS;
result.length = static_cast<size_t>(MAX_ALLOCATION_ADDRESS - result.start);
result.permissions = nt_memory_permission();
result.initial_permissions = nt_memory_permission();
result.allocation_base = {};
result.allocation_length = result.length;
result.is_committed = false;
result.is_reserved = false;
if (this->reserved_regions_.empty())
{
return result;
}
auto upper_bound = this->reserved_regions_.upper_bound(address);
if (upper_bound == this->reserved_regions_.begin())
{
result.length = static_cast<size_t>(upper_bound->first - result.start);
return result;
}
const auto entry = --upper_bound;
const auto lower_end = entry->first + entry->second.length;
if (lower_end <= address)
{
result.start = lower_end;
result.length = static_cast<size_t>(MAX_ALLOCATION_ADDRESS - result.start);
return result;
}
// We have a reserved region
const auto& reserved_region = entry->second;
const auto& committed_regions = reserved_region.committed_regions;
result.is_reserved = true;
result.allocation_base = entry->first;
result.allocation_length = reserved_region.length;
result.start = result.allocation_base;
result.length = result.allocation_length;
result.initial_permissions = entry->second.initial_permission;
if (committed_regions.empty())
{
return result;
}
auto committed_bound = committed_regions.upper_bound(address);
if (committed_bound == committed_regions.begin())
{
result.length = static_cast<size_t>(committed_bound->first - result.start);
return result;
}
const auto committed_entry = --committed_bound;
const auto committed_lower_end = committed_entry->first + committed_entry->second.length;
if (committed_lower_end <= address)
{
result.start = committed_lower_end;
result.length = static_cast<size_t>(lower_end - result.start);
return result;
}
result.is_committed = true;
result.start = committed_entry->first;
result.length = committed_entry->second.length;
result.permissions = committed_entry->second.permissions;
return result;
}
memory_manager::reserved_region_map::iterator memory_manager::find_reserved_region(const uint64_t address)
{
if (this->reserved_regions_.empty())
{
return this->reserved_regions_.end();
}
auto upper_bound = this->reserved_regions_.upper_bound(address);
if (upper_bound == this->reserved_regions_.begin())
{
return this->reserved_regions_.end();
}
const auto entry = --upper_bound;
if (entry->first + entry->second.length <= address)
{
return this->reserved_regions_.end();
}
return entry;
}
bool memory_manager::overlaps_reserved_region(const uint64_t address, const size_t size) const
{
for (const auto& region : this->reserved_regions_)
{
if (regions_with_length_intersect(address, size, region.first, region.second.length))
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
void memory_manager::read_memory(const uint64_t address, void* data, const size_t size) const
{
this->memory_->read_memory(address, data, size);
}
bool memory_manager::try_read_memory(const uint64_t address, void* data, const size_t size) const
{
return this->memory_->try_read_memory(address, data, size);
}
void memory_manager::write_memory(const uint64_t address, const void* data, const size_t size)
{
this->memory_->write_memory(address, data, size);
}
void memory_manager::map_mmio(const uint64_t address, const size_t size, mmio_read_callback read_cb, mmio_write_callback write_cb)
{
this->memory_->map_mmio(address, size, std::move(read_cb), std::move(write_cb));
}
void memory_manager::map_memory(const uint64_t address, const size_t size, const memory_permission permissions)
{
this->memory_->map_memory(address, size, permissions);
}
void memory_manager::unmap_memory(const uint64_t address, const size_t size)
{
this->memory_->unmap_memory(address, size);
}
void memory_manager::apply_memory_protection(const uint64_t address, const size_t size, const memory_permission permissions)
{
this->memory_->apply_memory_protection(address, size, permissions);
}