Files
windows-user-space-emulator/src/windows-emulator/process_context.cpp
2026-01-05 09:01:05 -03:00

692 lines
25 KiB
C++

#include "std_include.hpp"
#include "process_context.hpp"
#include "emulator_utils.hpp"
#include "windows_emulator.hpp"
namespace
{
emulator_allocator create_allocator(memory_manager& memory, const size_t size, const bool is_wow64_process)
{
uint64_t default_allocation_base = (is_wow64_process == true) ? DEFAULT_ALLOCATION_ADDRESS_32BIT : DEFAULT_ALLOCATION_ADDRESS_64BIT;
uint64_t base = memory.find_free_allocation_base(size, default_allocation_base);
bool allocated = memory.allocate_memory(base, size, memory_permission::read_write);
if (!allocated)
{
throw std::runtime_error("Failed to allocate memory for process structure");
}
return emulator_allocator{memory, base, size};
}
void setup_gdt(x86_64_emulator& emu, memory_manager& memory)
{
// Allocate GDT with read-write permissions for segment descriptor setup
memory.allocate_memory(GDT_ADDR, static_cast<size_t>(page_align_up(GDT_LIMIT)), memory_permission::read_write);
emu.load_gdt(GDT_ADDR, GDT_LIMIT);
// Index 1 (selector 0x08) - 64-bit kernel code segment (Ring 0)
// P=1, DPL=0, S=1, Type=0xA (Code, Execute/Read), L=1 (Long mode)
emu.write_memory<uint64_t>(GDT_ADDR + 1 * sizeof(uint64_t), 0x00AF9B000000FFFF);
// Index 2 (selector 0x10) - 64-bit kernel data segment (Ring 0)
// P=1, DPL=0, S=1, Type=0x2 (Data, Read/Write), L=1 (64-bit)
emu.write_memory<uint64_t>(GDT_ADDR + 2 * sizeof(uint64_t), 0x00CF93000000FFFF);
// Index 3 (selector 0x18) - 32-bit compatibility mode segment (Ring 0)
// P=1, DPL=0, S=1, Type=0xA (Code, Execute/Read), DB=1, G=1
emu.write_memory<uint64_t>(GDT_ADDR + 3 * sizeof(uint64_t), 0x00CF9B000000FFFF);
// Index 4 (selector 0x23) - 32-bit code segment for WOW64 (Ring 3)
// Real Windows: Code RE Ac 3 Bg Pg P Nl 00000cfb
// P=1, DPL=3, S=1, Type=0xA (Code, Execute/Read), DB=1, G=1
emu.write_memory<uint64_t>(GDT_ADDR + 4 * sizeof(uint64_t), 0x00CFFB000000FFFF);
// Index 5 (selector 0x2B) - Data segment for user mode (Ring 3)
// Real Windows: Data RW Ac 3 Bg Pg P Nl 00000cf3
// P=1, DPL=3, S=1, Type=0x2 (Data, Read/Write), G=1
emu.write_memory<uint64_t>(GDT_ADDR + 5 * sizeof(uint64_t), 0x00CFF3000000FFFF);
emu.reg<uint16_t>(x86_register::ss, 0x2B);
emu.reg<uint16_t>(x86_register::ds, 0x2B);
emu.reg<uint16_t>(x86_register::es, 0x2B);
emu.reg<uint16_t>(x86_register::gs, 0x2B); // Initial GS value, will be overridden with proper base later
// Index 6 (selector 0x33) - 64-bit code segment (Ring 3)
// P=1, DPL=3, S=1, Type=0xA (Code, Execute/Read), L=1 (Long mode)
emu.write_memory<uint64_t>(GDT_ADDR + 6 * sizeof(uint64_t), 0x00AFFB000000FFFF);
emu.reg<uint16_t>(x86_register::cs, 0x33);
// Index 10 (selector 0x53) - FS segment for WOW64 TEB access
// Real Windows: Data RW Ac 3 Bg By P Nl 000004f3 (base=0x002c1000, limit=0xfff)
// Initially set with base=0, will be updated during thread creation
// P=1, DPL=3, S=1, Type=0x3 (Data, Read/Write, Accessed), G=0 (byte granularity), DB=1
emu.write_memory<uint64_t>(GDT_ADDR + 10 * sizeof(uint64_t), 0x0040F3000000FFFF);
emu.reg<uint16_t>(x86_register::fs, 0x53);
}
std::u16string expand_environment_string(const std::u16string& input,
const utils::unordered_insensitive_u16string_map<std::u16string>& env_map)
{
std::u16string result;
result.reserve(input.length());
size_t pos = 0;
while (pos < input.length())
{
size_t start = input.find(u'%', pos);
if (start == std::u16string::npos)
{
result.append(input.substr(pos));
break;
}
result.append(input.substr(pos, start - pos));
size_t end = input.find(u'%', start + 1);
if (end == std::u16string::npos)
{
result.append(input.substr(start));
break;
}
std::u16string var_name = input.substr(start + 1, end - start - 1);
if (var_name.empty())
{
result.append(u"%%");
}
else
{
auto it = env_map.find(var_name);
result.append(it != env_map.end() ? it->second : input.substr(start, end - start + 1));
}
pos = end + 1;
}
return result;
}
utils::unordered_insensitive_u16string_map<std::u16string> get_environment_variables(registry_manager& registry)
{
utils::unordered_insensitive_u16string_map<std::u16string> env_map;
std::unordered_set<std::u16string_view> keys_to_expand;
const auto env_key = registry.get_key({R"(\Registry\Machine\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment)"});
if (env_key)
{
for (size_t i = 0; const auto value_opt = registry.get_value(*env_key, i); i++)
{
const auto& value = *value_opt;
if (value.type != REG_SZ && value.type != REG_EXPAND_SZ)
{
continue;
}
if (value.data.empty() || value.data.size() % 2 != 0)
{
continue;
}
const auto char_count = value.data.size() / sizeof(char16_t);
const auto* data_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(value.data.data());
if (data_ptr[char_count - 1] != u'\0')
{
continue;
}
const auto [it, inserted] = env_map.emplace(u8_to_u16(value.name), std::u16string(data_ptr, char_count - 1));
if (inserted && value.type == REG_EXPAND_SZ)
{
keys_to_expand.insert(it->first);
}
}
}
env_map[u"EMULATOR"] = u"1";
const auto* env = getenv("EMULATOR_ICICLE");
if (env && (env == "1"sv || env == "true"sv))
{
env_map[u"EMULATOR_ICICLE"] = u"1";
}
env_map[u"COMPUTERNAME"] = u"momo";
env_map[u"USERNAME"] = u"momo";
env_map[u"SystemDrive"] = u"C:";
env_map[u"SystemRoot"] = u"C:\\WINDOWS";
env_map[u"SystemTemp"] = u"C:\\Windows\\SystemTemp";
env_map[u"TMP"] = u"C:\\Users\\momo\\AppData\\Temp";
env_map[u"TEMP"] = u"C:\\Users\\momo\\AppData\\Temp";
env_map[u"USERPROFILE"] = u"C:\\Users\\momo";
for (const auto& key : keys_to_expand)
{
auto it = env_map.find(key);
if (it != env_map.end())
{
std::u16string expanded = expand_environment_string(it->second, env_map);
if (expanded != it->second)
{
it->second = expanded;
}
}
}
return env_map;
}
uint32_t read_windows_build(registry_manager& registry)
{
const auto key = registry.get_key({R"(\Registry\Machine\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion)"});
if (!key)
{
return 0;
}
for (size_t i = 0; const auto value = registry.get_value(*key, i); ++i)
{
if (value->type != REG_SZ)
{
continue;
}
if (value->name == "CurrentBuildNumber" || value->name == "CurrentBuild")
{
const auto* s = reinterpret_cast<const char16_t*>(value->data.data());
return static_cast<uint32_t>(std::strtoul(u16_to_u8(s).c_str(), nullptr, 10));
}
}
return 0;
}
}
void process_context::setup(x86_64_emulator& emu, memory_manager& memory, registry_manager& registry,
const application_settings& app_settings, const mapped_module& executable, const mapped_module& ntdll,
const apiset::container& apiset_container, const mapped_module* ntdll32)
{
this->windows_build_number = read_windows_build(registry);
setup_gdt(emu, memory);
this->kusd.setup();
this->base_allocator = create_allocator(memory, PEB_SEGMENT_SIZE, this->is_wow64_process);
auto& allocator = this->base_allocator;
this->peb64 = allocator.reserve_page_aligned<PEB64>();
/* Values of the following fields must be
* allocated relative to the process_params themselves
* and included in the length:
*
* CurrentDirectory
* DllPath
* ImagePathName
* CommandLine
* WindowTitle
* DesktopInfo
* ShellInfo
* RuntimeData
* RedirectionDllName
*/
this->process_params64 = allocator.reserve<RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS64>();
// Clone the API set for PEB64 and PEB32
uint64_t apiset_map_address_32 = 0;
[[maybe_unused]] const auto apiset_map_address = apiset::clone(emu, allocator, apiset_container).value();
if (this->is_wow64_process)
{
apiset_map_address_32 = apiset::clone(emu, allocator, apiset_container).value();
}
this->process_params64.access([&](RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS64& proc_params) {
proc_params.Flags = 0x6001; //| 0x80000000; // Prevent CsrClientConnectToServer
proc_params.ConsoleHandle = CONSOLE_HANDLE.h;
proc_params.StandardOutput = STDOUT_HANDLE.h;
proc_params.StandardInput = STDIN_HANDLE.h;
proc_params.StandardError = proc_params.StandardOutput;
proc_params.Environment = allocator.copy_string(u"=::=::\\");
const auto env_map = get_environment_variables(registry);
for (const auto& [name, value] : env_map)
{
std::u16string entry;
entry += name;
entry += u"=";
entry += value;
allocator.copy_string(entry);
}
allocator.copy_string(u"");
const auto application_str = app_settings.application.u16string();
std::u16string command_line = u"\"" + application_str + u"\"";
for (const auto& arg : app_settings.arguments)
{
command_line.push_back(u' ');
command_line.append(arg);
}
allocator.make_unicode_string(proc_params.CommandLine, command_line);
allocator.make_unicode_string(proc_params.CurrentDirectory.DosPath, app_settings.working_directory.u16string() + u"\\", 1024);
allocator.make_unicode_string(proc_params.ImagePathName, application_str);
const auto total_length = allocator.get_next_address() - this->process_params64.value();
proc_params.Length = static_cast<uint32_t>(std::max(static_cast<uint64_t>(sizeof(proc_params)), total_length));
proc_params.MaximumLength = proc_params.Length;
});
this->peb64.access([&](PEB64& p) {
p.BeingDebugged = 0;
p.ImageBaseAddress = executable.image_base;
p.ProcessParameters = this->process_params64.value();
p.ApiSetMap = apiset::clone(emu, allocator, apiset_container).value();
p.ProcessHeap = 0;
p.ProcessHeaps = 0;
p.HeapSegmentReserve = 0x0000000000100000; // TODO: Read from executable
p.HeapSegmentCommit = 0x0000000000002000;
p.HeapDeCommitTotalFreeThreshold = 0x0000000000010000;
p.HeapDeCommitFreeBlockThreshold = 0x0000000000001000;
p.NumberOfHeaps = 0x00000000;
p.MaximumNumberOfHeaps = 0x00000010;
p.NumberOfProcessors = 4;
p.ImageSubsystemMajorVersion = 6;
p.OSPlatformId = 2;
p.OSMajorVersion = 0x0000000a;
p.OSBuildNumber = 0x00006c51;
// p.AnsiCodePageData = allocator.reserve<CPTABLEINFO>().value();
// p.OemCodePageData = allocator.reserve<CPTABLEINFO>().value();
p.UnicodeCaseTableData = allocator.reserve<NLSTABLEINFO>().value();
});
if (this->is_wow64_process)
{
this->peb32 = allocator.reserve_page_aligned<PEB32>();
// Initialize RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS32 structure
this->process_params32 = allocator.reserve<RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS32>();
this->process_params32->access([&](RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS32& params32) {
params32.Flags = RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS_IMAGE_KEY_MISSING | RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS_APP_MANIFEST_PRESENT |
RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS_NORMALIZED;
params32.ConsoleHandle = static_cast<uint32_t>(CONSOLE_HANDLE.h);
params32.StandardOutput = static_cast<uint32_t>(STDOUT_HANDLE.h);
params32.StandardInput = static_cast<uint32_t>(STDIN_HANDLE.h);
params32.StandardError = params32.StandardOutput;
this->process_params64.access([&](const RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS64& params64) {
// Copy strings from params64
allocator.make_unicode_string(params32.ImagePathName, read_unicode_string(emu, params64.ImagePathName));
allocator.make_unicode_string(params32.CommandLine, read_unicode_string(emu, params64.CommandLine));
allocator.make_unicode_string(params32.DllPath, read_unicode_string(emu, params64.DllPath));
allocator.make_unicode_string(params32.CurrentDirectory.DosPath,
read_unicode_string(emu, params64.CurrentDirectory.DosPath));
allocator.make_unicode_string(params32.WindowTitle, read_unicode_string(emu, params64.WindowTitle));
allocator.make_unicode_string(params32.DesktopInfo, read_unicode_string(emu, params64.DesktopInfo));
allocator.make_unicode_string(params32.ShellInfo, read_unicode_string(emu, params64.ShellInfo));
allocator.make_unicode_string(params32.RuntimeData, read_unicode_string(emu, params64.RuntimeData));
allocator.make_unicode_string(params32.RedirectionDllName, read_unicode_string(emu, params64.RedirectionDllName));
// Copy other fields
params32.CurrentDirectory.Handle = static_cast<uint32_t>(params64.CurrentDirectory.Handle);
params32.ShowWindowFlags = params64.ShowWindowFlags;
params32.ConsoleHandle = static_cast<uint32_t>(params64.ConsoleHandle);
params32.ConsoleFlags = params64.ConsoleFlags;
params32.StandardInput = static_cast<uint32_t>(params64.StandardInput);
params32.StandardOutput = static_cast<uint32_t>(params64.StandardOutput);
params32.StandardError = static_cast<uint32_t>(params64.StandardError);
params32.StartingX = params64.StartingX;
params32.StartingY = params64.StartingY;
params32.CountX = params64.CountX;
params32.CountY = params64.CountY;
params32.CountCharsX = params64.CountCharsX;
params32.CountCharsY = params64.CountCharsY;
params32.FillAttribute = params64.FillAttribute;
params32.WindowFlags = params64.WindowFlags;
params32.DebugFlags = params64.DebugFlags;
params32.ProcessGroupId = params64.ProcessGroupId;
params32.LoaderThreads = params64.LoaderThreads;
// Environment - copy the pointer value (both processes share the same environment)
params32.Environment = static_cast<uint32_t>(params64.Environment);
params32.EnvironmentSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(params64.EnvironmentSize);
params32.EnvironmentVersion = static_cast<uint32_t>(params64.EnvironmentVersion);
const auto total_length = allocator.get_next_address() - this->process_params32->value();
params32.Length = static_cast<uint32_t>(std::max(static_cast<uint64_t>(sizeof(params32)), total_length));
params32.MaximumLength = params32.Length;
});
});
// Update PEB32 to point to the ProcessParameters32
this->peb32->access([&](PEB32& p32) {
p32.BeingDebugged = 0;
p32.ImageBaseAddress = static_cast<uint32_t>(executable.image_base);
p32.ProcessParameters = static_cast<uint32_t>(this->process_params32->value());
// Use the dedicated 32-bit ApiSetMap for PEB32
p32.ApiSetMap = static_cast<uint32_t>(apiset_map_address_32);
// Copy similar settings from PEB64
p32.ProcessHeap = 0;
p32.ProcessHeaps = 0;
p32.HeapSegmentReserve = 0x00100000;
p32.HeapSegmentCommit = 0x00002000;
p32.HeapDeCommitTotalFreeThreshold = 0x00010000;
p32.HeapDeCommitFreeBlockThreshold = 0x00001000;
p32.NumberOfHeaps = 0;
p32.MaximumNumberOfHeaps = 0x10;
p32.NumberOfProcessors = 4;
p32.ImageSubsystemMajorVersion = 6;
p32.OSPlatformId = 2;
p32.OSMajorVersion = 0x0a;
p32.OSBuildNumber = 0x6c51;
// Initialize NLS tables for 32-bit processes
// These need to be in 32-bit addressable space
p32.UnicodeCaseTableData = static_cast<uint32_t>(allocator.reserve<NLSTABLEINFO>().value());
// TODO: Initialize other PEB32 fields as needed
});
if (ntdll32 != nullptr)
{
this->rtl_user_thread_start32 = ntdll32->find_export("RtlUserThreadStart");
}
}
this->ntdll_image_base = ntdll.image_base;
this->ldr_initialize_thunk = ntdll.find_export("LdrInitializeThunk");
this->rtl_user_thread_start = ntdll.find_export("RtlUserThreadStart");
this->ki_user_apc_dispatcher = ntdll.find_export("KiUserApcDispatcher");
this->ki_user_exception_dispatcher = ntdll.find_export("KiUserExceptionDispatcher");
this->instrumentation_callback = 0;
this->default_register_set = emu.save_registers();
this->user_handles.setup();
auto [h, monitor_obj] = this->user_handles.allocate_object<USER_MONITOR>(handle_types::monitor);
this->default_monitor_handle = h;
monitor_obj.access([&](USER_MONITOR& monitor) {
monitor.hmon = h.bits;
monitor.rcMonitor = {.left = 0, .top = 0, .right = 1920, .bottom = 1080};
monitor.rcWork = monitor.rcMonitor;
if (this->is_older_windows_build())
{
monitor.b20.monitorDpi = 96;
monitor.b20.nativeDpi = monitor.b20.monitorDpi;
monitor.b20.cachedDpi = monitor.b20.monitorDpi;
monitor.b20.rcMonitorDpiAware = monitor.rcMonitor;
}
else
{
monitor.b26.monitorDpi = 96;
monitor.b26.nativeDpi = monitor.b26.monitorDpi;
}
});
const auto user_display_info = this->user_handles.get_display_info();
user_display_info.access([&](USER_DISPINFO& display_info) {
display_info.dwMonitorCount = 1;
display_info.pPrimaryMonitor = monitor_obj.value();
});
}
void process_context::serialize(utils::buffer_serializer& buffer) const
{
buffer.write(this->shared_section_address);
buffer.write(this->shared_section_size);
buffer.write(this->dbwin_buffer);
buffer.write(this->dbwin_buffer_size);
buffer.write_optional(this->exit_status);
buffer.write(this->base_allocator);
buffer.write(this->peb64);
buffer.write_optional(this->peb32);
buffer.write(this->process_params64);
buffer.write_optional(this->process_params32);
buffer.write(this->kusd);
buffer.write(this->is_wow64_process);
buffer.write(this->windows_build_number);
buffer.write(this->ntdll_image_base);
buffer.write(this->ldr_initialize_thunk);
buffer.write(this->rtl_user_thread_start);
buffer.write_optional(this->rtl_user_thread_start32);
buffer.write(this->ki_user_apc_dispatcher);
buffer.write(this->ki_user_exception_dispatcher);
buffer.write(this->instrumentation_callback);
buffer.write(this->user_handles);
buffer.write(this->default_monitor_handle);
buffer.write(this->events);
buffer.write(this->files);
buffer.write(this->sections);
buffer.write(this->devices);
buffer.write(this->semaphores);
buffer.write(this->ports);
buffer.write(this->mutants);
buffer.write(this->windows);
buffer.write(this->timers);
buffer.write(this->registry_keys);
buffer.write_map(this->atoms);
buffer.write(this->last_extended_params_numa_node);
buffer.write(this->last_extended_params_attributes);
buffer.write(this->last_extended_params_image_machine);
buffer.write_vector(this->default_register_set);
buffer.write(this->spawned_thread_count);
buffer.write(this->threads);
buffer.write(this->threads.find_handle(this->active_thread).bits);
}
void process_context::deserialize(utils::buffer_deserializer& buffer)
{
buffer.read(this->shared_section_address);
buffer.read(this->shared_section_size);
buffer.read(this->dbwin_buffer);
buffer.read(this->dbwin_buffer_size);
buffer.read_optional(this->exit_status);
buffer.read(this->base_allocator);
buffer.read(this->peb64);
buffer.read_optional(this->peb32);
buffer.read(this->process_params64);
buffer.read_optional(this->process_params32);
buffer.read(this->kusd);
buffer.read(this->is_wow64_process);
buffer.read(this->windows_build_number);
buffer.read(this->ntdll_image_base);
buffer.read(this->ldr_initialize_thunk);
buffer.read(this->rtl_user_thread_start);
buffer.read_optional(this->rtl_user_thread_start32);
buffer.read(this->ki_user_apc_dispatcher);
buffer.read(this->ki_user_exception_dispatcher);
buffer.read(this->instrumentation_callback);
buffer.read(this->user_handles);
buffer.read(this->default_monitor_handle);
buffer.read(this->events);
buffer.read(this->files);
buffer.read(this->sections);
buffer.read(this->devices);
buffer.read(this->semaphores);
buffer.read(this->ports);
buffer.read(this->mutants);
buffer.read(this->windows);
buffer.read(this->timers);
buffer.read(this->registry_keys);
buffer.read_map(this->atoms);
buffer.read(this->last_extended_params_numa_node);
buffer.read(this->last_extended_params_attributes);
buffer.read(this->last_extended_params_image_machine);
buffer.read_vector(this->default_register_set);
buffer.read(this->spawned_thread_count);
for (auto& thread : this->threads | std::views::values)
{
thread.leak_memory();
}
buffer.read(this->threads);
this->active_thread = this->threads.get(buffer.read<uint64_t>());
}
generic_handle_store* process_context::get_handle_store(const handle handle)
{
switch (handle.value.type)
{
case handle_types::thread:
return &threads;
case handle_types::event:
return &events;
case handle_types::file:
return &files;
case handle_types::device:
return &devices;
case handle_types::semaphore:
return &semaphores;
case handle_types::registry:
return &registry_keys;
case handle_types::mutant:
return &mutants;
case handle_types::port:
return &ports;
case handle_types::section:
return &sections;
default:
return nullptr;
}
}
handle process_context::create_thread(memory_manager& memory, const uint64_t start_address, const uint64_t argument,
const uint64_t stack_size, const uint32_t create_flags, const bool initial_thread)
{
emulator_thread t{memory, *this, start_address, argument, stack_size, create_flags, ++this->spawned_thread_count, initial_thread};
auto [h, thr] = this->threads.store_and_get(std::move(t));
this->callbacks_->on_thread_create(h, *thr);
return h;
}
std::optional<uint16_t> process_context::find_atom(const std::u16string_view name)
{
for (auto& entry : this->atoms)
{
if (entry.second.name == name)
{
++entry.second.ref_count;
return entry.first;
}
}
return {};
}
uint16_t process_context::add_or_find_atom(std::u16string name)
{
uint16_t index = 1;
if (!this->atoms.empty())
{
auto i = this->atoms.end();
--i;
index = i->first + 1;
}
std::optional<uint16_t> last_entry{};
for (auto& entry : this->atoms)
{
if (entry.second.name == name)
{
++entry.second.ref_count;
return entry.first;
}
if (entry.first > 0)
{
if (!last_entry)
{
index = 1;
}
else
{
const auto diff = entry.first - *last_entry;
if (diff > 1)
{
index = *last_entry + 1;
}
}
}
last_entry = entry.first;
}
atoms[index] = {std::move(name), 1};
return index;
}
bool process_context::delete_atom(const std::u16string& name)
{
for (auto it = atoms.begin(); it != atoms.end(); ++it)
{
if (it->second.name == name)
{
if (--it->second.ref_count == 0)
{
atoms.erase(it);
}
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
bool process_context::delete_atom(const uint16_t atom_id)
{
const auto it = atoms.find(atom_id);
if (it == atoms.end())
{
return false;
}
if (--it->second.ref_count == 0)
{
atoms.erase(it);
}
return true;
}
const std::u16string* process_context::get_atom_name(const uint16_t atom_id) const
{
const auto it = atoms.find(atom_id);
if (it == atoms.end())
{
return nullptr;
}
return &it->second.name;
}